The martial law declaration by President Yoon Suk-yeol on December 3, 2024, had been nearly impossible to foresee. This unprecedented move—deploying the military to suspend the constitutional order for the first time in decades— not only sent shockwaves through South Korean society but also drew intense global attention. Above all, the political uncertainty it unleashed within South Korea persists, and there are growing concerns that antagonistic polarization will escalate even further. In response to the keen interest of international readers on the state of South Korean democracy, the Asian Journal of Peacebuilding is expediting this publication of a dialogue of experts on the martial law crisis and the issue of political polarization in South Korea. The dialogue was organized by the Democracy Cluster of the Institute for Future Studies at Seoul National University and compiled in response to the editor’s request, with participating Korean experts presenting their opinions in written form. The experts were given the opportunity to review and revise the edited manuscript. To preserve the dialogue format, references and source citations have been kept to a minimum.